Balance 2015 ENG

3 Operational measures More efficient aircraft sizes Optimal flight routes and speeds Optimized processes on the ground N 3 6 W E12 15 S 33 30 24 21 4 Economic measures A global, sensibly designed, market-based system for reducing emissions to com- plement the other three pillars 2 Improved infrastructure Improved use of airspace Airport infrastructures adapted to needs Four pillars for climate protection: The Lufthansa Group is constantly increasing its fuel efficiency by applying the industry’s four-pillar strategy for climate protection. In pursuit of technological progress, it is continuously investing in the newest generation of fuel-efficient aircraft as well as testing and using alternative fuels in flight operations. In addition, it strongly supports infrastructure improvements, such as the optimum use of airspace and the needs-based expansion of airport capacity. Moreover, it is taking operational measures such as using more efficient aircraft sizes, introducing improved procedures on the ground, making better use of aircraft capacity and flying optimum routes to increase fuel efficiency in flight operations. To complement the three pillars already mentioned, it advocates the use of global market-based economic measures. Alternative fuels The use of alternative fuels is another important lever for reducing air transport’s CO2 emissions over the long-term. The Lufthansa Group continuously works on the further development of these environmen- tally friendly fuels. It is actively involved in research projects for this purpose and in numerous initiatives such as aireg (Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany) and SAFUG (Sustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group). The research work also includes testing newly-certified alternative fuels in regular flight operations. Thus, on September 15, 2014 Lufthansa flight LH190 from Frankfurt to Berlin Tegel became the first European scheduled flight using fuel containing 10 percent of the sugar-based biokerosene Farnesan. This flight was preceded in fall 2013 by a rig test at Lufthansa Technik in Hamburg, which was part of the EU project Blending Study. It proved that the emissions characteristics could be improved by adding Farnesan. In April 2014, the production of Farnesan was certified as being sustainable by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB). Additionally, in June 2014 the fuel was certified for blending with crude-oil based kerosene. Likewise, the Lufthansa Group, together with the Bundeswehr Research Institute for Materials, Fuels and Lubricants (WIWeB), conducts research in the project Blending Study concerning the blending properties of conventional fossil kerosene and different new biokerosenes (e.g. alcohol-to-jet, see page 56, Balance 2014). This research was concluded in February 2015 with an over- view report of the blending properties of all biokerosenes certified or undergoing certifi- cation (published at www.HBBA.eu). Moreover, an estimated 5 percent of the Lufthansa Group’s fuel requirements at Oslo Airport is set to be covered by bio- kerosene from late 2015. The supplier Air BP will feed the sustainably produced and certified biofuel into the fuel supply system at Oslo Airport. The launch of this project was originally planned for March 2015. A total of about 5,000 Lufthansa, Swiss, Austrian Airlines, Germanwings and Brussels Airlines flights will then be flying on a biokerosene mixture. For the Lufthansa Group, this is the next step from its previ- ous test flights as part of the recently con- cluded burnFAIR Project (see page 67, Balance 2012) toward the use of alternative fuels in regular flight operations. Sustainability Report Balance // Issue 2015 // Lufthansa Group // 43 Innovation in aircraft and engine technologies Alternative fuels 1 Technological progress Four pillars for climate protection

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