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Ú Technological progress Innovations in aircraft and engine technologies The most powerful lever for increasing efficiency is continual investment in the newest technologies, i.e. in modernizing the Lufthansa Group’s fleet of aircraft (see “Fleet development,” page 35). In September 2013 we ordered 59 ultra-modern long-haul, next-generation aircraft. This represented a capital investment of EUR 14 billion at list prices, the largest single private investment in German industrial history to date. The new aircraft will be delivered gradually beginning in 2016. This will enable the Lufthansa Group to make a quantum leap in efficiency and enter the 2-liter class. The A350-900 and Boeing 777-9X aircraft on order will fly more fuel-efficiently per pas- senger per 100 kilometers than any other comparable type of aircraft. On average, this newest generation of aircraft will consume only 2.9 l/100 pkm. 05 Four pillars for climate protection: The Lufthansa Group is constantly increasing fuel efficiency with the aforementioned four-pillar strategy for climate protection. It comprises, in addition to technical progress such as the investment in the newest generation of fuel-efficient air- craft, testing and use of alternative fuels in flight operations. To this are added infrastructure improvements, such as optimum use of airspace and optimized airport infrastructure. Operational measures such as using more efficient aircraft sizes, introducing improvements to procedures on the ground, making better use of aircraft capacity, and flying optimum routes are also being taken to increase fuel efficiency in flight opera- tions. As well as the three pillars already mentioned, economic instruments are used. 06 Lufthansa Technik conducted a farnesane rig test in Hamburg as part of the EU’s Blending Study project. Research into alternative fuels Alternative fuels with a substantially lower net CO2 output are a crucial component in all future efforts to permanently reduce emis- sions. The use of alternative fuels in flight operations is therefore an important corner- stone of technical progress according to the four-pillar strategy. The Lufthansa Group did pioneering work in 2011 by running a long- term trial of biofuel in regular scheduled flight operations and demonstrated that biofuels can be used for that purpose without any problem. With its continued involvement in numerous future-oriented projects focusing on alternative fuels, the Lufthansa Group is further consoli- dating its role as a trailblazer in this area. It applies its expertise to the assessment and analysis of potential alternative fuels, for example, lending its support to their develop- ment until they are ready for the market. In 2013 we conducted a rig test at Lufthansa Technik in Hamburg. This test is part of the EU Blending Study project, for which Deutsche Lufthansa AG is the consortium leader. Experts involved in this project have been examining the possible impact on aircraft emissions and engine performance of blend- ing farnesane, a new biokerosene component made from biomass sugars, with conventional kerosene. [Ú 06] Sustainability Report Balance // Issue 2014 // Lufthansa Group // 55